Selecting the Perfect Windlass for Your Boat

After spending your vacation hauling up the anchor by hand in less-than-stellar conditions, you've decided it's time to invest in a new anchor windlass for your boat. But where do you start, and what do you need to know to make the right choice in the overwhelming array of options available? While determining the best anchor windlass is subjective, this article will cover what you need to consider before purchasing your new anchor windlass.

How an Anchor Windlass Works

 

What is a windlass? Understanding how an anchor windlass functions is essential for any boater aiming for efficient anchoring. A boat windlass operates by utilizing a gypsy, a notched or grooved wheel specifically designed to engage and grip the links of an anchor chain. When you activate the windlass, the motor turns the gypsy, which in turn either pays out or retrieves the anchor chain or rope.

Some windlasses are equipped with a pawl mechanism that prevents the backward movement of the chain or rope during the retrieval process, providing an additional layer of safety. Understanding these mechanics is crucial for troubleshooting and ensuring the windlass operates effectively, enabling a seamless anchoring experience.

Understanding the Mechanics of a Windlass

At its core, a boat windlass consists of several key components, including a gearbox that translates the motor's rotational energy into the necessary torque to crank the anchor chain. The gearbox plays a vital role in enhancing the mechanical advantage, ensuring the windlass can handle the heavy loads associated with anchoring. Understanding the mechanics of the windlass allows boaters to appreciate the importance of regular maintenance and the proper selection of components to ensure reliability during critical operations.

The gearbox within the windlass is responsible for converting the electric motor's speed into higher torque, enabling it to lift heavy anchors effortlessly. Whether operating manually or electrically, the windlass's design allows it to control the anchor rode effectively, ensuring a smooth retrieval or deployment process. A well-functioning windlass not only simplifies anchoring but also enhances safety.

Basic Design and Location of the Windlass

The basic design and location of the windlass play critical roles in its functionality and the overall anchoring experience. Typically, a windlass is mounted on the deck, strategically positioned to allow optimal access to the anchor locker while providing a direct line to the bow anchor roller. The anchoring system's design should accommodate the type of windlass chosen, whether horizontal or vertical, ensuring compatibility with the ample space and height requirements for an effective operation. Moreover, the windlass must be oriented correctly; it should allow the anchor rode to run smoothly from the gypsy into the chain locker, minimizing friction and wear. When designed correctly, the windlass not only enhances usability but also contributes to a safer, more efficient anchoring process.

What size windlass should I choose?

Choosing the right size windlass for your boat is crucial. Consider factors such as boat length, anchor size, and rope/chain requirements. While windlasses are marketed for a range of boat lengths, certain situations may require a larger capacity. Even with best practices, your anchor windlass may be tasked with heavy-duty operations.

To cover as many situations as possible, below we list factors you should consider in the process of deciding which anchor windlass to choose.

1. Anchor Size – How much does your anchor weigh? It takes a lot more power to pull up a 75-pound anchor than a 30-pound anchor.

2. Rode – How much chain or rope is connected to your anchor, and how much does it weigh? The higher the answer, the more power you'll need to retrieve it.

3. Vessel Displacement – Is your boat fiberglass, steel, or maybe even ferro-cement? In rough conditions, the weight of your boat can easily be a factor in how much power you need when deploying or retrieving your anchor.

4. Vessel Windage – A boat with a high cabin, large dodger, or a tuna tower will have far more windage (surface area exposed to the wind) than a boat with a flush deck. When retrieving your anchor, especially on a windy day, high windage will significantly increase the load on your gear, so you should definitely consider the potential benefits of upsizing if you have a boat with a lot of windage.

When selecting a boat windlass, consider factors such as your boat's anchoring configuration. Ensure that you have enough pulling power for your ground tackle. If you're close to maxing out the pulling power, opt for a larger size. Less strain on the windlass means it will last longer.

In general, the best method to figure out how much “pulling power” you need is to add up how much your ground tackle weighs (anchor, chain and/or rope) when not under load and then choose a windlass rated with a “pulling power” of at least 3 times that weight.

For example, let's say you have a 55-pound Rocna anchor with 150 feet of 3/8" HT chain and another 200 feet of 5/8" 3-strand nylon rope. The total weight of the anchor and ground tackle is approximately 305 pounds. To handle this weight, you'll need at least 915 pounds of pulling power (weight of the anchor and ground tackle x 3). If you have a heavy boat or high windage, consider upsizing your windlass. Remember, stronger is always better, and it will help your windlass last longer if it's not constantly pushed to its limit.

Horizontal or Vertical?

Choosing between a horizontal or vertical anchor windlass is not just about aesthetics. Factors such as your chain locker may limit your options. Let's explore the features and benefits of both types. The "fall" refers to the distance between the top of the anchor locker and the top of the rode when fully stowed, which is an important measurement to consider.

Horizontal Windlass

Horizontal windlasses have a more "traditional" look and are entirely above deck. They offer easier maintenance due to their visibility, but they take up deck space and can make bow work slightly more awkward. Surface mounting allows for easier installation and prevents the motor from occupying valuable space in small or shallow chain lockers.

The anchor chain engages only about ¼ of the chain wheel (gypsy) circumference on horizontal windlasses, making a good match of the chain size to the chainwheel, also known as the gypsy or wildcat, particularly important. A minimum "fall" from the gypsy to the top of the piled-up rode of at least 12" is recommended in order to have enough weight to pull the rode down into the locker. If a portion of your rode is rope, more fall is better. Horizontal windlasses with notches in the gear wheel can also be somewhat more forgiving than vertical models if the anchor/bow roller is located higher than the windlass chain wheel and can properly engage the links of the chain – such as out on a sailboat bowsprit.

Vertical Windlass

Vertical windlasses typically have their motor below deck, often presenting a sleeker "low profile" appearance. While the motor and gearbox are protected from the elements below deck, they are potentially located in a relatively damp and salty environment – which can increase the chances of corrosion.

The location below deck can make it more challenging to perform annual maintenance or repairs (think boat yoga), leading to the “out of sight, out of mind” phenomenon.

A minimum "fall" of at least 18" from the underside of the deck to the top of the piled-up rode in the chain locker is recommended to have enough weight to pull the rode forward from the chain wheel down into the locker. The anchor chain engages approximately ½ of the circumference of the gypsy, giving optimal chain control and minimizing jumping. While a vertical windlass is more suitable for boats with larger, deeper chain lockers, you may need to hire an expert to assist with the installation since they are fitted through the deck.

Both horizontal and vertical windlasses are typically available with or without a capstan drum for independent hauling of a second rode, halyard, tow rope, etc. As you can probably tell, both models have their pros and cons, including the use of a crank, so it is more likely that your boat's configuration and anchor locker will determine which one will work best.

Manual, Hydraulic, or Electric?

The final thing to consider is whether you want a powered or manual anchor windlass – and if you go powered, should it be electric (DC) or hydraulic?

1. Manual – if you have a smaller boat without a lot of battery power but want some help getting the anchor up in windy conditions, a manual windlass may be a good option. They use zero electrical power (being completely human-powered), but give you a better mechanical advantage than retrieving the anchor by hand, which will save your back in the long run. They are available in two types – one uses a circular motion (similar to a winch), and one uses a back-and-forth motion (like a pump or lever). Similar to a winch, the circular model may come with the option for a second speed, which is extremely helpful when you need a little more power.

2. Electric – these are the most popular option for boaters because of the ease of installation and the ability to retrieve your anchor with the push of a button or flip of a switch. But the electric windlass is only as good as the battery that runs it, so make sure you have enough power to complete the job! This usually entails installing a dedicated battery for the windlass, as the distance between the bow and the battery bank is likely too long for a wire run to meet the windlass's power demands.

3. Hydraulic – while this is the most complex option to install, it can offer constant power no matter how long you need it without worrying about running down your batteries, with the caveat that you need to run your main engine in order to power the windlass. That said, if you don't already have hydraulics on your boat, we highly recommend you consult with a professional before making any decisions.

Fisheries Supply stocks a wide variety of anchor windlasses from all the best manufacturers, including Lewmar, Lofrans, Maxwell, Muir, Powerwinch, Quick, and Vetus. We also carry a range of windlass accessories to complete your setup. This includes controls (such as remote panel switches to help you control the windlass from the helm, cockpit, or flying bridge), foot switches, solenoid control boxes, and everything else you may need to keep your windlass system running smoothly.

Common Questions About Anchor Windlass

As with any crucial piece of boating equipment, a myriad of questions often arise regarding anchor windlasses. Understanding the common queries can significantly enhance your anchoring experience.

Will this windlass work with my existing anchor and chain?

This consideration is essential, as mismatched components can lead to operational challenges. To know if the windlass will work with your existing anchor and chain, you need to match the chain size, type (e.g., G4, BBB), and gypsy compatibility. Check the windlass specifications and compare them to your anchor rode setup.

Can I install the windlass myself, or do I need a professional?

You can install a windlass yourself if you have strong mechanical and electrical skills. However, for safety and reliability, many boaters choose to have it professionally installed.

How often should I service my windlass?

Regular upkeep is vital to prolonging the life of your windlass and ensuring reliable performance. You should service your windlass at least once a year or more often with heavy use. Regular maintenance includes cleaning, lubrication, and inspecting electrical connections and moving parts.

What type of battery do I need for my electric windlass?

For an electric windlass, a high-capacity, high-discharge battery is best, with modern recommendations favoring LiFePO4 lithium batteries for their superior performance, lighter weight, and reliability compared to traditional lead-acid options. Alternatively, a high CCA (Cold Cranking Amps) dual-purpose starter battery can also be used, but lithium batteries are increasingly preferred for dedicated windlass power.

What is the difference between an anchor winch and a windlass?

An anchor winch and a windlass are often confused due to their similar functions in anchoring systems, but they serve distinct purposes. An anchor winch is specifically designed for handling the anchor and its rode, providing the necessary power to raise and lower the anchor from the seabed. It typically features a drum around which the anchor rope or chain is wound, allowing for the efficient retrieval of the anchor.

On the other hand, a windlass is a broader term that refers to any machine designed to help lift heavy loads, including, but not limited to, anchors. While a boat windlass can be used in anchoring applications, it may also serve other purposes, such as hoisting sails or managing fishing gear. Understanding the difference between an anchor winch and a windlass is crucial for selecting the right equipment for your boating needs, ensuring that you have the appropriate tools for effective anchoring and other weight-lifting tasks on board.

Should I use a chain or rope on my anchor?

When choosing between chain and rope for your windlass anchor, consider durability and weight. A chain offers superior holding power and resistance to abrasion, making it ideal for use in rough conditions. Conversely, rope is lighter and easier to handle but may require additional care. Select based on your boating needs and conditions. If you choose to use an anchor line, you must use a length of chain between the anchor and the rode to add weight for the anchor to set properly.

By addressing these common questions, you can be better prepared to select, install, and maintain your windlass anchor system.

We hope this article has helped you understand what you need to know when choosing a new windlass anchor, whether it be a manual, hydraulic, or electric anchoring system.
If you have additional questions, please don't hesitate to contact our product experts at (800) 426-6930. For further information on windlass operation, check out our article on Using Your Windlass